- 13 Aug, 2019 1 commit
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Chen Jie authored
commit 5a07168d upstream. The futex code requires that the user space addresses of futexes are 32bit aligned. sys_futex() checks this in futex_get_keys() but the robust list code has no alignment check in place. As a consequence the kernel crashes on architectures with strict alignment requirements in handle_futex_death() when trying to cmpxchg() on an unaligned futex address which was retrieved from the robust list. [ tglx: Rewrote changelog, proper sizeof() based alignement check and add comment ] Fixes: 0771dfef ("[PATCH] lightweight robust futexes: core") Signed-off-by:
Chen Jie <chenjie6@huawei.com> Signed-off-by:
Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: <dvhart@infradead.org> Cc: <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: <zengweilin@huawei.com> Link: https://lkml.kernel.org/r/1552621478-119787-1-git-send-email-chenjie6@huawei.com Signed-off-by:
Ben Hutchings <ben@decadent.org.uk>
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- 25 Sep, 2018 2 commits
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Mel Gorman authored
commit 48fb6f4d upstream. Commit 65d8fc77 ("futex: Remove requirement for lock_page() in get_futex_key()") removed an unnecessary lock_page() with the side-effect that page->mapping needed to be treated very carefully. Two defensive warnings were added in case any assumption was missed and the first warning assumed a correct application would not alter a mapping backing a futex key. Since merging, it has not triggered for any unexpected case but Mark Rutland reported the following bug triggering due to the first warning. kernel BUG at kernel/futex.c:679! Internal error: Oops - BUG: 0 [#1] PREEMPT SMP Modules linked in: CPU: 0 PID: 3695 Comm: syz-executor1 Not tainted 4.13.0-rc3-00020-g307fec773ba3 #3 Hardware name: linux,dummy-virt (DT) task: ffff80001e271780 task.stack: ffff000010908000 PC is at get_futex_key+0x6a4/0xcf0 kernel/futex.c:679 LR is at get_futex_key+0x6a4/0xcf0 kernel/futex.c:679 pc : [<ffff00000821ac14>] lr : [<ffff00000821ac14>] pstate: 80000145 The fact that it's a bug instead of a warning was due to an unrelated arm64 problem, but the warning itself triggered because the underlying mapping changed. This is an application issue but from a kernel perspective it's a recoverable situation and the warning is unnecessary so this patch removes the warning. The warning may potentially be triggered with the following test program from Mark although it may be necessary to adjust NR_FUTEX_THREADS to be a value smaller than the number of CPUs in the system. #include <linux/futex.h> #include <pthread.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/mman.h> #include <sys/syscall.h> #include <sys/time.h> #include <unistd.h> #define NR_FUTEX_THREADS 16 pthread_t threads[NR_FUTEX_THREADS]; void *mem; #define MEM_PROT (PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE) #define MEM_SIZE 65536 static int futex_wrapper(int *uaddr, int op, int val, const struct timespec *timeout, int *uaddr2, int val3) { syscall(SYS_futex, uaddr, op, val, timeout, uaddr2, val3); } void *poll_futex(void *unused) { for (;;) { futex_wrapper(mem, FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE_PI, 1, NULL, mem + 4, 1); } } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { int i; mem = mmap(NULL, MEM_SIZE, MEM_PROT, MAP_SHARED | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0); printf("Mapping @ %p\n", mem); printf("Creating futex threads...\n"); for (i = 0; i < NR_FUTEX_THREADS; i++) pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, poll_futex, NULL); printf("Flipping mapping...\n"); for (;;) { mmap(mem, MEM_SIZE, MEM_PROT, MAP_FIXED | MAP_SHARED | MAP_ANONYMOUS, -1, 0); } return 0; } Reported-and-tested-by:
Mark Rutland <mark.rutland@arm.com> Signed-off-by:
Mel Gorman <mgorman@suse.de> Acked-by:
Peter Zijlstra (Intel) <peterz@infradead.org> Signed-off-by:
Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
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Mel Gorman authored
commit 65d8fc77 upstream. When dealing with key handling for shared futexes, we can drastically reduce the usage/need of the page lock. 1) For anonymous pages, the associated futex object is the mm_struct which does not require the page lock. 2) For inode based, keys, we can check under RCU read lock if the page mapping is still valid and take reference to the inode. This just leaves one rare race that requires the page lock in the slow path when examining the swapcache. Additionally realtime users currently have a problem with the page lock being contended for unbounded periods of time during futex operations. Task A get_futex_key() lock_page() ---> preempted Now any other task trying to lock that page will have to wait until task A gets scheduled back in, which is an unbound time. With this patch, we pretty much have a lockless futex_get_key(). Experiments show that this patch can boost/speedup the hashing of shared futexes with the perf futex benchmarks (which is good for measuring such change) by up to 45% when there are high (> 100) thread counts on a 60 core Westmere. Lower counts are pretty much in the noise range or less than 10%, but mid range can be seen at over 30% overall throughput (hash ops/sec). This makes anon-mem shared futexes much closer to its private counterpart. Signed-off-by:
Davidlohr Bueso <dbueso@suse.de> Reviewed-by:
Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Signed-off-by:
Chenbo Feng <fengc@google.com> Signed-off-by:
Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org> [bwh: Backported to 3.16: s/READ_ONCE/ACCESS_ONCE/] Signed-off-by:
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- 03 Mar, 2018 1 commit
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Li Jinyue authored
commit fbe0e839 upstream. UBSAN reports signed integer overflow in kernel/futex.c: UBSAN: Undefined behaviour in kernel/futex.c:2041:18 signed integer overflow: 0 - -2147483648 cannot be represented in type 'int' Add a sanity check to catch negative values of nr_wake and nr_requeue. Signed-off-by:
Li Jinyue <lijinyue@huawei.com> Signed-off-by:
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- 15 Sep, 2017 1 commit
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Jann Horn authored
commit caaee623 upstream. By checking the effective credentials instead of the real UID / permitted capabilities, ensure that the calling process actually intended to use its credentials. To ensure that all ptrace checks use the correct caller credentials (e.g. in case out-of-tree code or newly added code omits the PTRACE_MODE_*CREDS flag), use two new flags and require one of them to be set. The problem was that when a privileged task had temporarily dropped its privileges, e.g. by calling setreuid(0, user_uid), with the intent to perform following syscalls with the credentials of a user, it still passed ptrace access checks that the user would not be able to pass. While an attacker should not be able to convince the privileged task to perform a ptrace() syscall, this is a problem because the ptrace access check is reused for things in procfs. In particular, the following somewhat interesting procfs entries only rely on ptrace access checks: /proc/$pid/stat - uses the check for determining whether pointers should be visible, useful for bypassing ASLR /proc/$pid/maps - also useful for bypassing ASLR /proc/$pid/cwd - useful for gaining access to restricted directories that contain files with lax permissions, e.g. in this scenario: lrwxrwxrwx root root /proc/13020/cwd -> /root/foobar drwx------ root root /root drwxr-xr-x root root /root/foobar -rw-r--r-- root root /root/foobar/secret Therefore, on a system where a root-owned mode 6755 binary changes its effective credentials as described and then dumps a user-specified file, this could be used by an attacker to reveal the memory layout of root's processes or reveal the contents of files he is not allowed to access (through /proc/$pid/cwd). [akpm@linux-foundation.org: fix warning] Signed-off-by:
Jann Horn <jann@thejh.net> Acked-by:
Kees Cook <keescook@chromium.org> Cc: Casey Schaufler <casey@schaufler-ca.com> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@redhat.com> Cc: James Morris <james.l.morris@oracle.com> Cc: "Serge E. Hallyn" <serge.hallyn@ubuntu.com> Cc: Andy Shevchenko <andriy.shevchenko@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andy Lutomirski <luto@kernel.org> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Cc: "Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com> Cc: Willy Tarreau <w@1wt.eu> Signed-off-by:
Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by:
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- 18 Jul, 2017 2 commits
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Peter Zijlstra authored
commit 9bbb25af upstream. Thomas spotted that fixup_pi_state_owner() can return errors and we fail to unlock the rt_mutex in that case. Reported-by:
Darren Hart <dvhart@linux.intel.com> Cc: juri.lelli@arm.com Cc: bigeasy@linutronix.de Cc: xlpang@redhat.com Cc: rostedt@goodmis.org Cc: mathieu.desnoyers@efficios.com Cc: jdesfossez@efficios.com Cc: dvhart@infradead.org Cc: bristot@redhat.com Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20170304093558.867401760@infradead.org Signed-off-by:
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Peter Zijlstra authored
commit c236c8e9 upstream. While working on the futex code, I stumbled over this potential use-after-free scenario. Dmitry triggered it later with syzkaller. pi_mutex is a pointer into pi_state, which we drop the reference on in unqueue_me_pi(). So any access to that pointer after that is bad. Since other sites already do rt_mutex_unlock() with hb->lock held, see for example futex_lock_pi(), simply move the unlock before unqueue_me_pi(). Reported-by:
Dmitry Vyukov <dvyukov@google.com> Signed-off-by:
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- 16 Mar, 2017 1 commit
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Yang Yang authored
commit 25f71d1c upstream. The UEVENT user mode helper is enabled before the initcalls are executed and is available when the root filesystem has been mounted. The user mode helper is triggered by device init calls and the executable might use the futex syscall. futex_init() is marked __initcall which maps to device_initcall, but there is no guarantee that futex_init() is invoked _before_ the first device init call which triggers the UEVENT user mode helper. If the user mode helper uses the futex syscall before futex_init() then the syscall crashes with a NULL pointer dereference because the futex subsystem has not been initialized yet. Move futex_init() to core_initcall so futexes are initialized before the root filesystem is mounted and the usermode helper becomes available. [ tglx: Rewrote changelog ] Signed-off-by:
Yang Yang <yang.yang29@zte.com.cn> Cc: jiang.biao2@zte.com.cn Cc: jiang.zhengxiong@zte.com.cn Cc: zhong.weidong@zte.com.cn Cc: deng.huali@zte.com.cn Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1483085875-6130-1-git-send-email-yang.yang29@zte.com.cn Signed-off-by:
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- 15 Jun, 2016 1 commit
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Davidlohr Bueso authored
commit fe1bce9e upstream. Otherwise an incoming waker on the dest hash bucket can miss the waiter adding itself to the plist during the lockless check optimization (small window but still the correct way of doing this); similarly to the decrement counterpart. Suggested-by:
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- 02 Feb, 2016 1 commit
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Thomas Gleixner authored
commit fb75a428 upstream. If the proxy lock in the requeue loop acquires the rtmutex for a waiter then it acquired also refcount on the pi_state related to the futex, but the waiter side does not drop the reference count. Add the missing free_pi_state() call. Signed-off-by:
Luis Henriques <luis.henriques@canonical.com>
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- 13 Nov, 2014 1 commit
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Brian Silverman authored
commit 30a6b803 upstream. free_pi_state and exit_pi_state_list both clean up futex_pi_state's. exit_pi_state_list takes the hb lock first, and most callers of free_pi_state do too. requeue_pi doesn't, which means free_pi_state can free the pi_state out from under exit_pi_state_list. For example: task A | task B exit_pi_state_list | pi_state = | curr->pi_state_list->next | | futex_requeue(requeue_pi=1) | // pi_state is the same as | // the one in task A | free_pi_state(pi_state) | list_del_init(&pi_state->list) | kfree(pi_state) list_del_init(&pi_state->list) | Move the free_pi_state calls in requeue_pi to before it drops the hb locks which it's already holding. [ tglx: Removed a pointless free_pi_state() call and the hb->lock held debugging. The latter comes via a seperate patch ] Signed-off-by:
Brian Silverman <bsilver16384@gmail.com> Cc: austin.linux@gmail.com Cc: darren@dvhart.com Cc: peterz@infradead.org Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1414282837-23092-1-git-send-email-bsilver16384@gmail.com Signed-off-by:
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- 30 Oct, 2014 1 commit
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Catalin Marinas authored
commit 76835b0e upstream. Commit b0c29f79 (futexes: Avoid taking the hb->lock if there's nothing to wake up) changes the futex code to avoid taking a lock when there are no waiters. This code has been subsequently fixed in commit 11d4616b (futex: revert back to the explicit waiter counting code). Both the original commit and the fix-up rely on get_futex_key_refs() to always imply a barrier. However, for private futexes, none of the cases in the switch statement of get_futex_key_refs() would be hit and the function completes without a memory barrier as required before checking the "waiters" in futex_wake() -> hb_waiters_pending(). The consequence is a race with a thread waiting on a futex on another CPU, allowing the waker thread to read "waiters == 0" while the waiter thread to have read "futex_val == locked" (in kernel). Without this fix, the problem (user space deadlocks) can be seen with Android bionic's mutex implementation on an arm64 multi-cluster system. Signed-off-by:
Catalin Marinas <catalin.marinas@arm.com> Reported-by:
Matteo Franchin <Matteo.Franchin@arm.com> Fixes: b0c29f79 (futexes: Avoid taking the hb->lock if there's nothing to wake up) Acked-by:
Davidlohr Bueso <dave@stgolabs.net> Tested-by:
Mike Galbraith <umgwanakikbuti@gmail.com> Cc: Darren Hart <dvhart@linux.intel.com> Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@kernel.org> Cc: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Signed-off-by:
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- 05 Oct, 2014 1 commit
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Thomas Gleixner authored
commit 13c42c2f upstream. futex_wait_requeue_pi() calls futex_wait_setup(). If futex_wait_setup() succeeds it returns with hb->lock held and preemption disabled. Now the sanity check after this does: if (match_futex(&q.key, &key2)) { ret = -EINVAL; goto out_put_keys; } which releases the keys but does not release hb->lock. So we happily return to user space with hb->lock held and therefor preemption disabled. Unlock hb->lock before taking the exit route. Reported-by:
Dave "Trinity" Jones <davej@redhat.com> Signed-off-by:
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- 05 Jun, 2014 4 commits
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Thomas Gleixner authored
The current implementation of lookup_pi_state has ambigous handling of the TID value 0 in the user space futex. We can get into the kernel even if the TID value is 0, because either there is a stale waiters bit or the owner died bit is set or we are called from the requeue_pi path or from user space just for fun. The current code avoids an explicit sanity check for pid = 0 in case that kernel internal state (waiters) are found for the user space address. This can lead to state leakage and worse under some circumstances. Handle the cases explicit: Waiter | pi_state | pi->owner | uTID | uODIED | ? [1] NULL | --- | --- | 0 | 0/1 | Valid [2] NULL | --- | --- | >0 | 0/1 | Valid [3] Found | NULL | -- | Any | 0/1 | Invalid [4] Found | Found | NULL | 0 | 1 | Valid [5] Found | Found | NULL | >0 | 1 | Invalid [6] Found | Found | task | 0 | 1 | Valid [7] Found | Found | NULL | Any | 0 | Invalid [8] Found | Found | task | ==taskTID | 0/1 | Valid [9] Found | Found | task | 0 | 0 | Invalid [10] Found | Found | task | !=taskTID | 0/1 | Invalid [1] Indicates that the kernel can acquire the futex atomically. We came came here due to a stale FUTEX_WAITERS/FUTEX_OWNER_DIED bit. [2] Valid, if TID does not belong to a kernel thread. If no matching thread is found then it indicates that the owner TID has died. [3] Invalid. The waiter is queued on a non PI futex [4] Valid state after exit_robust_list(), which sets the user space value to FUTEX_WAITERS | FUTEX_OWNER_DIED. [5] The user space value got manipulated between exit_robust_list() and exit_pi_state_list() [6] Valid state after exit_pi_state_list() which sets the new owner in the pi_state but cannot access the user space value. [7] pi_state->owner can only be NULL when the OWNER_DIED bit is set. [8] Owner and user space value match [9] There is no transient state which sets the user space TID to 0 except exit_robust_list(), but this is indicated by the FUTEX_OWNER_DIED bit. See [4] [10] There is no transient state which leaves owner and user space TID out of sync. Signed-off-by: -
Thomas Gleixner authored
If the owner died bit is set at futex_unlock_pi, we currently do not cleanup the user space futex. So the owner TID of the current owner (the unlocker) persists. That's observable inconsistant state, especially when the ownership of the pi state got transferred. Clean it up unconditionally. Signed-off-by:
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Thomas Gleixner authored
We need to protect the atomic acquisition in the kernel against rogue user space which sets the user space futex to 0, so the kernel side acquisition succeeds while there is existing state in the kernel associated to the real owner. Verify whether the futex has waiters associated with kernel state. If it has, return -EINVAL. The state is corrupted already, so no point in cleaning it up. Subsequent calls will fail as well. Not our problem. [ tglx: Use futex_top_waiter() and explain why we do not need to try restoring the already corrupted user space state. ] Signed-off-by:
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Thomas Gleixner authored
futex-prevent-requeue-pi-on-same-futex.patch futex: Forbid uaddr == uaddr2 in futex_requeue(..., requeue_pi=1) If uaddr == uaddr2, then we have broken the rule of only requeueing from a non-pi futex to a pi futex with this call. If we attempt this, then dangling pointers may be left for rt_waiter resulting in an exploitable condition. This change brings futex_requeue() in line with futex_wait_requeue_pi() which performs the same check as per commit 6f7b0a2a ("futex: Forbid uaddr == uaddr2 in futex_wait_requeue_pi()") [ tglx: Compare the resulting keys as well, as uaddrs might be different depending on the mapping ] Fixes CVE-2014-3153. Reported-by: Pinkie Pie Signed-off-by:
Will Drewry <wad@chromium.org> Signed-off-by:
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- 19 May, 2014 2 commits
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Thomas Gleixner authored
We happily allow userspace to declare a random kernel thread to be the owner of a user space PI futex. Found while analysing the fallout of Dave Jones syscall fuzzer. We also should validate the thread group for private futexes and find some fast way to validate whether the "alleged" owner has RW access on the file which backs the SHM, but that's a separate issue. Signed-off-by:
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Thomas Gleixner authored
Dave Jones trinity syscall fuzzer exposed an issue in the deadlock detection code of rtmutex: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140429151655.GA14277@redhat.com That underlying issue has been fixed with a patch to the rtmutex code, but the futex code must not call into rtmutex in that case because - it can detect that issue early - it avoids a different and more complex fixup for backing out If the user space variable got manipulated to 0x80000000 which means no lock holder, but the waiters bit set and an active pi_state in the kernel is found we can figure out the recursive locking issue by looking at the pi_state owner. If that is the current task, then we can safely return -EDEADLK. The check should have been added in commit 59fa6245 (futex: Handle futex_pi OWNER_DIED take over correctly) already, but I did not see the above issue caused by user space manipulation back then. Signed-off-by:
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- 18 Apr, 2014 1 commit
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Peter Zijlstra authored
Mostly scripted conversion of the smp_mb__* barriers. Signed-off-by:
Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/n/tip-55dhyhocezdw1dg7u19hmh1u@git.kernel.org Cc: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org> Cc: linux-arch@vger.kernel.org Signed-off-by:
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- 13 Apr, 2014 1 commit
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Davidlohr Bueso authored
Commits 11d4616b ("futex: revert back to the explicit waiter counting code") and 69cd9eba ("futex: avoid race between requeue and wake") changed some of the finer details of how we think about futexes. One was a late fix and the other a consequence of overlooking the whole requeuing logic. The first change caused our documentation to be incorrect, and the second made us aware that we need to explicitly add more details to it. Signed-off-by:
Davidlohr Bueso <davidlohr@hp.com> Signed-off-by:
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- 09 Apr, 2014 1 commit
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Linus Torvalds authored
Jan Stancek reported: "pthread_cond_broadcast/4-1.c testcase from openposix testsuite (LTP) occasionally fails, because some threads fail to wake up. Testcase creates 5 threads, which are all waiting on same condition. Main thread then calls pthread_cond_broadcast() without holding mutex, which calls: futex(uaddr1, FUTEX_CMP_REQUEUE_PRIVATE, 1, 2147483647, uaddr2, ..) This immediately wakes up single thread A, which unlocks mutex and tries to wake up another thread: futex(uaddr2, FUTEX_WAKE_PRIVATE, 1) If thread A manages to call futex_wake() before any waiters are requeued for uaddr2, no other thread is woken up" The ordering constraints for the hash bucket waiter counting are that the waiter counts have to be incremented _before_ getting the spinlock (because the spinlock acts as part of the memory barrier), but the "requeue" operation didn't honor those rules, and nobody had even thought about that case. This fairly simple patch just increments the waiter count for the target hash bucket (hb2) when requeing a futex before taking the locks. It then decrements them again after releasing the lock - the code that actually moves the futex(es) between hash buckets will do the additional required waiter count housekeeping. Reported-and-tested-by:Jan Stancek <jstancek@redhat.com> Acked-by:
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- 21 Mar, 2014 1 commit
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Linus Torvalds authored
Srikar Dronamraju reports that commit b0c29f79 ("futexes: Avoid taking the hb->lock if there's nothing to wake up") causes java threads getting stuck on futexes when runing specjbb on a power7 numa box. The cause appears to be that the powerpc spinlocks aren't using the same ticket lock model that we use on x86 (and other) architectures, which in turn result in the "spin_is_locked()" test in hb_waiters_pending() occasionally reporting an unlocked spinlock even when there are pending waiters. So this reinstates Davidlohr Bueso's original explicit waiter counting code, which I had convinced Davidlohr to drop in favor of figuring out the pending waiters by just using the existing state of the spinlock and the wait queue. Reported-and-tested-by:
Srikar Dronamraju <srikar@linux.vnet.ibm.com> Original-code-by:
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- 03 Mar, 2014 1 commit
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Heiko Carstens authored
If an architecture has futex_atomic_cmpxchg_inatomic() implemented and there is no runtime check necessary, allow to skip the test within futex_init(). This allows to get rid of some code which would always give the same result, and also allows the compiler to optimize a couple of if statements away. Signed-off-by:
Heiko Carstens <heiko.carstens@de.ibm.com> Cc: Finn Thain <fthain@telegraphics.com.au> Cc: Geert Uytterhoeven <geert@linux-m68k.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20140302120947.GA3641@osiris Signed-off-by:
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- 16 Jan, 2014 1 commit
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Heiko Carstens authored
"futexes: Increase hash table size for better performance" introduces a new alloc_large_system_hash() call. alloc_large_system_hash() however may allocate less memory than requested, e.g. limited by MAX_ORDER. Hence pass a pointer to alloc_large_system_hash() which will contain the hash shift when the function returns. Afterwards correctly set futex_hashsize. Fixes a crash on s390 where the requested allocation size was 4MB but only 1MB was allocated. Signed-off-by:
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- 13 Jan, 2014 5 commits
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Peter Zijlstra authored
Turn the pi-chains from plist to rb-tree, in the rt_mutex code, and provide a proper comparison function for -deadline and -priority tasks. This is done mainly because: - classical prio field of the plist is just an int, which might not be enough for representing a deadline; - manipulating such a list would become O(nr_deadline_tasks), which might be to much, as the number of -deadline task increases. Therefore, an rb-tree is used, and tasks are queued in it according to the following logic: - among two -priority (i.e., SCHED_BATCH/OTHER/RR/FIFO) tasks, the one with the higher (lower, actually!) prio wins; - among a -priority and a -deadline task, the latter always wins; - among two -deadline tasks, the one with the earliest deadline wins. Queueing and dequeueing functions are changed accordingly, for both the list of a task's pi-waiters and the list of tasks blocked on a pi-lock. Signed-off-by:
Dario Faggioli <raistlin@linux.it> Signed-off-by:
Juri Lelli <juri.lelli@gmail.com> Signed-off-again-by:
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Davidlohr Bueso authored
In futex_wake() there is clearly no point in taking the hb->lock if we know beforehand that there are no tasks to be woken. While the hash bucket's plist head is a cheap way of knowing this, we cannot rely 100% on it as there is a racy window between the futex_wait call and when the task is actually added to the plist. To this end, we couple it with the spinlock check as tasks trying to enter the critical region are most likely potential waiters that will be added to the plist, thus preventing tasks sleeping forever if wakers don't acknowledge all possible waiters. Furthermore, the futex ordering guarantees are preserved, ensuring that waiters either observe the changed user space value before blocking or is woken by a concurrent waker. For wakers, this is done by relying on the barriers in get_futex_key_refs() -- for archs that do not have implicit mb in atomic_inc(), we explicitly add them through a new futex_get_mm function. For waiters we rely on the fact that spin_lock calls already update the head counter, so spinners are visible even if the lock hasn't been acquired yet. For more details please refer to the updated comments in the code and related discussion: https://lkml.org/lkml/2013/11/26/556 Special thanks to tglx for careful review and feedback. Suggested-by:
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Thomas Gleixner authored
That's essential, if you want to hack on futexes. Reviewed-by:
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Davidlohr Bueso authored
Currently, the futex global hash table suffers from its fixed, smallish (for today's standards) size of 256 entries, as well as its lack of NUMA awareness. Large systems, using many futexes, can be prone to high amounts of collisions; where these futexes hash to the same bucket and lead to extra contention on the same hb->lock. Furthermore, cacheline bouncing is a reality when we have multiple hb->locks residing on the same cacheline and different futexes hash to adjacent buckets. This patch keeps the current static size of 16 entries for small systems, or otherwise, 256 * ncpus (or larger as we need to round the number to a power of 2). Note that this number of CPUs accounts for all CPUs that can ever be available in the system, taking into consideration things like hotpluging. While we do impose extra overhead at bootup by making the hash table larger, this is a one time thing, and does not shadow the benefits of this patch. Furthermore, as suggested by tglx, by cache aligning the hash buckets we can avoid access across cacheline boundaries and also avoid massive cache line bouncing if multiple cpus are hammering away at different hash buckets which happen to reside in the same cache line. Also, similar to other core kernel components (pid, dcache, tcp), by using alloc_large_system_hash() we benefit from its NUMA awareness and thus the table is distributed among the nodes instead of in a single one. For a custom microbenchmark that pounds on the uaddr hashing -- making the wait path fail at futex_wait_setup() returning -EWOULDBLOCK for large amounts of futexes, we can see the following benefits on a 80-core, 8-socket 1Tb server: +---------+--------------------+------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+ | threads | baseline (ops/sec) | aligned-only (ops/sec) | large table (ops/sec) | large table+aligned (ops/sec) | +---------+--------------------+------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+ | 512 | 32426 | 50531 (+55.8%) | 255274 (+687.2%) | 292553 (+802.2%) | | 256 | 65360 | 99588 (+52.3%) | 443563 (+578.6%) | 508088 (+677.3%) | | 128 | 125635 | 200075 (+59.2%) | 742613 (+491.1%) | 835452 (+564.9%) | | 80 | 193559 | 323425 (+67.1%) | 1028147 (+431.1%) | 1130304 (+483.9%) | | 64 | 247667 | 443740 (+79.1%) | 997300 (+302.6%) | 11454943 (+362.5%) | | 32 | 628412 | 721401 (+14.7%) | 965996 (+53.7%) | 1122115 (+78.5%) | +---------+--------------------+------------------------+-----------------------+-------------------------------+ Reviewed-by:
Waiman Long <Waiman.Long@hp.com> Reviewed-and-tested-by:
Jason Low <jason.low2@hp.com> Reviewed-by:
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Jason Low authored
- Remove unnecessary head variables. - Delete unused parameter in queue_unlock(). Reviewed-by:
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- 12 Dec, 2013 2 commits
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Linus Torvalds authored
When debugging the read-only hugepage case, I was confused by the fact that get_futex_key() did an access_ok() only for the non-shared futex case, since the user address checking really isn't in any way specific to the private key handling. Now, it turns out that the shared key handling does effectively do the equivalent checks inside get_user_pages_fast() (it doesn't actually check the address range on x86, but does check the page protections for being a user page). So it wasn't actually a bug, but the fact that we treat the address differently for private and shared futexes threw me for a loop. Just move the check up, so that it gets done for both cases. Also, use the 'rw' parameter for the type, even if it doesn't actually matter any more (it's a historical artifact of the old racy i386 "page faults from kernel space don't check write protections"). Cc: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: -
Linus Torvalds authored
The hugepage code had the exact same bug that regular pages had in commit 7485d0d3 ("futexes: Remove rw parameter from get_futex_key()"). The regular page case was fixed by commit 9ea71503 ("futex: Fix regression with read only mappings"), but the transparent hugepage case (added in a5b338f2 : "thp: update futex compound knowledge") case remained broken. Found by Dave Jones and his trinity tool. Reported-and-tested-by:
Dave Jones <davej@fedoraproject.org> Cc: stable@kernel.org # v2.6.38+ Acked-by:
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- 06 Nov, 2013 1 commit
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Peter Zijlstra authored
Suggested-by:
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- 25 Jun, 2013 2 commits
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Colin Cross authored
Avoid waking up every thread sleeping in a futex_wait call during suspend and resume by calling a freezable blocking call. Previous patches modified the freezer to avoid sending wakeups to threads that are blocked in freezable blocking calls. This call was selected to be converted to a freezable call because it doesn't hold any locks or release any resources when interrupted that might be needed by another freezing task or a kernel driver during suspend, and is a common site where idle userspace tasks are blocked. Signed-off-by:
Colin Cross <ccross@android.com> Cc: Rafael J. Wysocki <rjw@sisk.pl> Cc: arve@android.com Cc: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Cc: Oleg Nesterov <oleg@redhat.com> Cc: Darren Hart <dvhart@linux.intel.com> Cc: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Cc: Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/1367458508-9133-8-git-send-email-ccross@android.com Signed-off-by:
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Zhang Yi authored
The futex_keys of process shared futexes are generated from the page offset, the mapping host and the mapping index of the futex user space address. This should result in an unique identifier for each futex. Though this is not true when futexes are located in different subpages of an hugepage. The reason is, that the mapping index for all those futexes evaluates to the index of the base page of the hugetlbfs mapping. So a futex at offset 0 of the hugepage mapping and another one at offset PAGE_SIZE of the same hugepage mapping have identical futex_keys. This happens because the futex code blindly uses page->index. Steps to reproduce the bug: 1. Map a file from hugetlbfs. Initialize pthread_mutex1 at offset 0 and pthread_mutex2 at offset PAGE_SIZE of the hugetlbfs mapping. The mutexes must be initialized as PTHREAD_PROCESS_SHARED because PTHREAD_PROCESS_PRIVATE mutexes are not affected by this issue as their keys solely depend on the user space address. 2. Lock mutex1 and mutex2 3. Create thread1 and in the thread function lock mutex1, which results in thread1 blocking on the locked mutex1. 4. Create thread2 and in the thread function lock mutex2, which results in thread2 blocking on the locked mutex2. 5. Unlock mutex2. Despite the fact that mutex2 got unlocked, thread2 still blocks on mutex2 because the futex_key points to mutex1. To solve this issue we need to take the normal page index of the page which contains the futex into account, if the futex is in an hugetlbfs mapping. In other words, we calculate the normal page mapping index of the subpage in the hugetlbfs mapping. Mappings which are not based on hugetlbfs are not affected and still use page->index. Thanks to Mel Gorman who provided a patch for adding proper evaluation functions to the hugetlbfs code to avoid exposing hugetlbfs specific details to the futex code. [ tglx: Massaged changelog ] Signed-off-by:
Zhang Yi <zhang.yi20@zte.com.cn> Reviewed-by:
Jiang Biao <jiang.biao2@zte.com.cn> Tested-by:
Ma Chenggong <ma.chenggong@zte.com.cn> Reviewed-by:
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- 12 May, 2013 1 commit
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Colin Cross authored
Avoid waking up every thread sleeping in a futex_wait call during suspend and resume by calling a freezable blocking call. Previous patches modified the freezer to avoid sending wakeups to threads that are blocked in freezable blocking calls. This call was selected to be converted to a freezable call because it doesn't hold any locks or release any resources when interrupted that might be needed by another freezing task or a kernel driver during suspend, and is a common site where idle userspace tasks are blocked. Acked-by:
Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org> Acked-by:
Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
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- 13 Mar, 2013 1 commit
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Randy Dunlap authored
Fix kernel-doc warning in futex.c and convert 'Returns' to the new Return: kernel-doc notation format. Warning(kernel/futex.c:2286): Excess function parameter 'clockrt' description in 'futex_wait_requeue_pi' Fix one spello. Signed-off-by:
Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org> Signed-off-by:
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- 27 Feb, 2013 1 commit
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Al Viro authored
Signed-off-by:Al Viro <viro@zeniv.linux.org.uk>
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- 19 Feb, 2013 1 commit
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Thomas Gleixner authored
This reverts commit ec0c4274 . get_robust_list() is in use and a removal would break existing user space. With the permission checks in place it's not longer a security hole. Remove the deprecation warnings. Signed-off-by:
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- 07 Feb, 2013 1 commit
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Clark Williams authored
Move rt scheduler definitions out of include/linux/sched.h into new file include/linux/sched/rt.h Signed-off-by:
Clark Williams <williams@redhat.com> Cc: Peter Zijlstra <peterz@infradead.org> Cc: Steven Rostedt <rostedt@goodmis.org> Link: http://lkml.kernel.org/r/20130207094707.7b9f825f@riff.lan Signed-off-by:
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